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== Etymology and history ==
== Etymology and history ==


The words "cis" and "trans" originate from Latin, where they could be translated as "this side of" and "the other side of."  Their usage as antonyms can be seen in a number of fields, such as in the [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cis%E2%80%93trans_isomerism cis-trans isomerism] in organic chemistry, the so-called [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Complementation_(genetics) cis-trans test] in genetics, or geographic terms such as [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transjordan_(region) Transjordan] and [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/West_Bank#Cisjordan Cisjordan] (the eastern/western side of River Jordan).  The word "cis" is presumably less well known than "trans" since many if not most terms using the word "trans" do not have a logical counterpart using "cis", for instance: ''translate'', ''transform'', ''transatlantic'', ''transpacific'', etc.
The words "cis" and "trans" originate from Latin, where they could be translated as "this side of" and "the other side of."  Their usage as antonyms can be seen in a number of fields, such as in the [[Wikipedia:Cis–trans isomerism|cis-trans isomerism]] in organic chemistry, the so-called [[Wikipedia:Complementation (genetics)|cis-trans test]] in genetics, or geographic terms such as [[Wikipedia:Transjordan (region)|Transjordan]] and [[Wikipedia:Cisjordan|Cisjordan]] (the eastern/western side of River Jordan).  The word "cis" is presumably less well known than "trans" since many if not most terms using the word "trans" do not have a logical counterpart using "cis", for instance: ''translate'', ''transform'', ''transatlantic'', ''transpacific'', etc.


In a 1998 essay, sexologist [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Volkmar_Sigusch Volkmar Sigusch] cites his own 1991 article "Die Transsexuellen und unser nosomorpher Blick" ("Transsexuals and our nosomorphic view") as the origin of the term "cissexual,"<ref name=volkmar/> which might be a precursor to "cisgender."
In a 1998 essay, sexologist [[Wikipedia:Volkmar Sigusch|Volkmar Sigusch]] cites his own 1991 article "Die Transsexuellen und unser nosomorpher Blick" ("Transsexuals and our nosomorphic view") as the origin of the term "cissexual,"<ref name=volkmar/> which might be a precursor to "cisgender."


The terms cisgender and cissexual were used in a 2006 article in the ''Journal of Lesbian Studies'' entitled ''Debating Trans Inclusion in the Feminist Movement: A Trans-Positive Analysis''<ref name=green/> and in Julia Serano's 2007 book ''Whipping Girl: A Transsexual Woman on Sexism and the Scapegoating of Femininity''.<ref name=serano/>  These works are attributed with the popularization of the term among English-speaking activists and academics.<ref name=popularity/>
The terms cisgender and cissexual were used in a 2006 article in the ''Journal of Lesbian Studies'' entitled ''Debating Trans Inclusion in the Feminist Movement: A Trans-Positive Analysis''<ref name=green/> and in Julia Serano's 2007 book ''Whipping Girl: A Transsexual Woman on Sexism and the Scapegoating of Femininity''.<ref name=serano/>  These works are attributed with the popularization of the term among English-speaking activists and academics.<ref name=popularity/>
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<ref name=kristen_schilt>{{cite journal | last1 = Schilt | last2 = Westbrook | first1 = Kristen | first2 = Laurel | title = Doing Gender, Doing Heteronormativity: 'Gender Normals,' Transgender People, and the Social Maintenance of Heterosexuality | journal = [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gender_%26_Society Gender & Society] | volume = 23 | issue = 4 | pages = 440–464 [461] | doi =10.1177/0891243209340034 | date = August 2009 }}</ref>
<ref name=kristen_schilt>{{cite journal | last1 = Schilt | last2 = Westbrook | first1 = Kristen | first2 = Laurel | title = Doing Gender, Doing Heteronormativity: 'Gender Normals,' Transgender People, and the Social Maintenance of Heterosexuality | journal = [[Wikipedia:Gender & Society|Gender & Society]] | volume = 23 | issue = 4 | pages = 440–464 [461] | doi =10.1177/0891243209340034 | date = August 2009 }}</ref>


<ref name=rrc>{{cite web|url=https://aeon.co/essays/the-idea-that-gender-is-a-spectrum-is-a-new-gender-prison |title=Gender is not a spectrum |last=Reilly-Cooper |first=Rebecca |date=28 June, 2016 |website=Aeon.co |publisher=Aeon }}</ref>
<ref name=rrc>{{cite web|url=https://aeon.co/essays/the-idea-that-gender-is-a-spectrum-is-a-new-gender-prison |title=Gender is not a spectrum |last=Reilly-Cooper |first=Rebecca |date=28 June, 2016 |website=Aeon.co |publisher=Aeon }}</ref>